【什么是非谓语动词】在英语语法中,非谓语动词是动词的一种特殊形式,它不充当句子的谓语,而是以其他方式参与句子结构。常见的非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing、过去分词done)。它们在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。
为了帮助大家更好地理解非谓语动词的用法,以下是一份简明扼要的总结与对比表格。
非谓语动词分类及基本用法
类型 | 形式 | 功能举例 | 说明 |
不定式 | to + 动词原形 | I want to go. | 表示目的、意愿、计划、将来等 |
动名词 | V-ing | She enjoys swimming. | 作主语、宾语、表语等 |
现在分词 | V-ing | The boy running is my brother. | 作定语、表语、状语等 |
过去分词 | V-ed / 不规则变化 | The book written by him is famous. | 作定语、表语、补语等 |
非谓语动词的常见用法解析
1. 不定式(to do)
- 作主语:To learn English is important.
- 作宾语:I decided to study abroad.
- 作目的状语:She went to the store to buy some food.
2. 动名词(doing)
- 作主语:Swimming is good for health.
- 作宾语:He suggested going to the park.
- 作表语:Her job is teaching children.
3. 现在分词(doing)
- 作定语:The singing bird is beautiful.
- 作状语:Seeing the accident, he called the police.
- 作补语:We saw her dancing in the party.
4. 过去分词(done)
- 作定语:The broken glass needs to be cleaned.
- 作表语:The door was locked.
- 作补语:They found the room empty.
总结
非谓语动词虽然不作谓语,但它们在句子中起着非常重要的作用。正确使用非谓语动词可以让语言表达更加简洁、自然。掌握它们的形式和功能,有助于提高英语写作和口语的准确性与流畅性。
通过上述表格和解释,我们可以清晰地看到不同类型的非谓语动词及其在句子中的角色。希望这份内容能帮助你更好地理解和运用非谓语动词。