【英语中的就近原则与就远原则的词组有哪些】在英语语法中,就近原则和就远原则是两个重要的语法规则,主要体现在主谓一致、动词形式以及代词指代等方面。理解这两个原则有助于更准确地掌握英语句子结构,避免常见的语法错误。
以下是对英语中常见的就近原则与就远原则相关词组的总结,并以表格形式呈现,便于理解和记忆。
一、就近原则(Proximity Agreement)
就近原则指的是在某些情况下,动词或代词的形式需要与最近的主语或先行词保持一致,而不是与整个句子的主语保持一致。
常见词组及例子:
词组/结构 | 说明 | 例子 |
either...or... | 动词与最近的主语一致 | Either the students or the teacher is coming. |
neither...nor... | 动词与最近的主语一致 | Neither the teacher nor the students are late. |
not only...but also... | 动词与最近的主语一致 | Not only the students but also the teacher is responsible. |
there be 句型 | 动词与最近的主语一致 | There is a book and two pens on the table. |
here be 句型 | 动词与最近的主语一致 | Here is a pen and some books on the desk. |
二、就远原则(Distance Agreement)
就远原则指的是在某些情况下,动词或代词的形式需要与最远的主语或先行词保持一致,即优先考虑较远的主语。
常见词组及例子:
词组/结构 | 说明 | 例子 |
both...and... | 动词与两者一致,通常用复数 | Both the teacher and the students are going to the park. |
not only...but also... | 动词与最远的主语一致 | Not only the students but also the teacher is coming. |
either of the two | 动词与单数一致 | Either of the two is correct. |
one of the... | 动词与one一致 | One of the students is absent. |
each of the... | 动词与单数一致 | Each of the students has a book. |
三、总结对比表
原则 | 适用结构 | 动词形式 | 举例 |
就近原则 | either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also... | 与最近的主语一致 | Either the teacher or the students are going. |
就远原则 | both...and..., not only...but also...(有时), one of the... | 与最远的主语或“one”一致 | Both the teacher and the students are going. |
四、注意事项
1. not only...but also... 结构中,动词形式有时会根据语境选择就近或就远,需结合具体语境判断。
2. there be 和 here be 句型中,动词通常与最近的名词一致。
3. 在正式写作中,应尽量避免歧义,使用清晰的主谓结构。
通过掌握这些常见的就近原则和就远原则的词组,可以有效提升英语表达的准确性与自然度。